END NOTES 1. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, Instruction on Certain Aspects of the Theology of Liberation (Libertatis nuntius), Introduction, AAS 76 (1984), pp. 867- 877. 2. Cf. Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World (Gaudium a spes) and the Declaration on Religious Freedom (Dignitatis humanae) of the Second Vatican Council; the Encyclicals Mater et magistra, Pacem in terris, Populorum progressio, Redemptor hominis and Laborem exercens; the Apostolic Exhortations Evangelii nuntiandi and Reconciliatio et paenitentia; the Apostolic Letter Octogesima adveniens. Pope John Paul II dealt with this theme in his Opening Address to the Third General Conference of the Latin-American Episcopate at Puebla: AAS 71 (1979), pp. 187-205. He has returned to it on numerous other occasions. The theme has also been dealt with at the Synod of Bishops in 1971 and 1974. The Latin-American Episcopal Conferences have made it the immediate object of their reflections. It has also attracted the attention of other Episcopal Conferences, as for example the French: Liberation des hommes et salut en Jesus Christ, 1975. 3. Paul Vl, Apostolic Letter Octogesima adveniens, 1-4: AAS 63 (1971). pp. 401-404. 4. Cf. Jn. 4:42; I Jn. 4:14. 5. Cf. Mt. 28: 18-20; Mk. 16:15. 6. Cf. Dignitatis humanae, 10. 7. Paul Vl, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 78-80: AAS 68 (1976), pp. 70- 75; Dignitatis humanae, 3; John Paul II, Encyclical Redemptor hominis, 12: AAS 71 (1979), pp. 278-281. 8. Cf. Libertatis nuntius, Xl, 10; AAS 76 (1984), pp. 905-906. 9. Cf. John Paul 11, Encyclical Redemptor hominis, 17: AAS 71 (1979), pp. 296-297; Discourse of March 10, 1984 to the Fifth Conference of Jurists: L'Osservatore Romano, March 11, 1984, p. 8. 10. Cf. Libertatis nuntius, Xl, 5: MS 76 (1984), p. 904; John Paul II, Opening Address at Puebla: AAS 71 (1979), p. 189. 11. Cf. CaYdiYm et spes, 36. 12. Cf.ibid. 13. Cf. op. cit. 41. 14. Cf. Mt. 11:25; Lk. 10:21. 15. Cf. Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 48: AAS 68 (1976), pp. 37- 38. 16. Cf. Libertatis nuntius, VII, 9; VIII, 1-9: AAS 76 (1984), pp. 892 and 894-895. 17. Cf. Gn. 1:26. 18. John Paul II, Encyclical Redemptor hominis, 21: AAS 71 (1979), p 316. 19. Cf. Rom. 6:6; 7:23. 20. Cf. Gn. 2: 18, 23, It is not good that man should be alone....This is flesh of my flesh and bone of my bones. In these words of Scripture, which refer directly to the relationship between man and woman, one can discern a more universal meaning. Cf. Lv. 19:18. 21. Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Pacem in terris, 5-15: AAS 55 (1963), pp. 259-265; John Paul II, Letter to Dr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary General of the United Nations, on the occasion of the Thirtieth Anniversary of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights: AAS 71 (1979), p. 122; The Pope's Speech to the United Nations, 9: AAS 71 (1979), p. 1149. 22. Cf. St. Augustine, Ad Macedonium, II, 7-17 (PL 33, 669-673; CSEL 44, 437-447). 23. Cf. Gn. 1:27-28. 24. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Redemptor hominis, 15: AAS 71 (1979), p. 286. 25. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 13, par. 1. 26. Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Reconciliatio et paenitentia, 13: AAS 77 (1985), pp. 208-211. 27. Cf. Gn. 3: 16-19; Rom. 5: 12; 7: 14-24; Paul VI, Sollemnis professio fidei, June 30, 1968, 16: AAS 60 (1968), p. 439. 28. Cf. Rom. 1:18-32. 29. Cf. Jer. 5:23; 7:24; 17:9; 18:12. 30. Cf. St. Augustine, Decivitate Dei, XIV, 28 (PL 41, 435; CSEL 40/2, 56-57; CCL 14/2, 451452). 31. Cf. Libertatis nuntius, Introduction: AAS 76 (1984), p. 876. 32. Cf. Is. 41:14; ler. 50:34. Goel: this word implies the idea of a bond of kinship between the one who frees and the one who is freed. Cf. Lv. 25:25, 4749; Ruth 3:12; 4:1. Padah means to obtain for oneself. Cf. Ex. 13:13; Dt. 9:26; 15:15; Ps. 103:7-8. 33. Cf. Gn. 12:1-3. 34. Cf. Libertatis nuntius, IV, 3: AAS 76 (1984), p. 882. 35. Cf. Dt. 6:5. 36. Cf. Lv. 19:18. 37. Cf. Dt. 1:16-17; 16:18-20; Jer. 22:3-15; 23:5; Ps. 33:5; 72:1; 99:4. 38. Cf. Ex. 22:20-23; Dt. 24:10-22. 39. Cf. Jer. 31:31-34; Ez. 36:25-27. 40. Cf. Is. 11: 1-5; Ps. 72:4, 12-14; Libertatis nuntius, IV, 6: AAS 76 (1984), p. 883. 41. Cf. Ex. 23:9; Dt. 24:17-22. 42. Cf. Ps. 25, 31, 35, 55; Libertatis nuntius, IV, 5: AAS 76 (1984), p. 883. 43. Cf. Jer. 11:20; 20:12. 44. Cf. Ps. 73:26-28. 45. Cf. Ps. 16, 62, 84. 46. Cf. Zeph. 3:12-20; Libertatis nuntius, IV, 5: AAS 76 (1984), p. 883. 47. Cf. Lk. 1:46-55. 48. Cf. Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation Marialis cultus, 37: AAS 66 (1974), pp. 148-149. 49. Cf. Acts 2:39; Rom. 10:12; Eph. 2:14-18. 50. Cf. Mk. 1:15. 51. Cf. Is. 61:9. 52. Cf. 2 Cor. 8-9. 53. Cf. Mt. 25:31-46; Acts 9:4-5. 54. Libertatis nuntius, IV, 9: AAS 76 (1984), p. 884. 55. Cf. John Paul II, Opening Address at Puebla, I, 5: AAS 71 (1979), p. 191. 56. Cf. Rom. 5:10; 2 Cor 5:18-20. 57. Cf. Jn. 14:27. 58. Cf. Mt. 5:9; Rom. 12:18; Heb. 12:14. 59. Cf. 1 Cor. 15:26. 60. Cf. Jn. 12:31; Heb. 2:14-15. 61. Cf. Eph. 6:11-17. 62. Cf. Rom. 8:37-39. 63. Cf. Rom. 8:2. 64. Cf. 1 Tm. 1:8. 65. Cf. Rom. 13:8-10. 66. Cf. Rom. 13:1-7. 67. Cf. Rom. 8:2-4. 68. Cf. Rom. 13:1. 69. Cf. Rom. 13:8-10; Gal. 5:13-14. 70. Cf. Mt. 5:43-48; Lk. 6:27-38. 71. Cf. Lk. 10:25-37. 72. Cf., for example, I Thes. 2:7-12; Phil. 2:1-4; Gal. 2:12-20; I Cor. 13:4-7; 2 Jn. 12; 3 Jn. 14; Jn. 11:1-5, 35-36; Mk. 6:34; Mt. 9:36; 18:21ff. 73. Cf. Jn. 15:12-13; I Jn. 3:16. 74. Cf. Jas. 5:1-4. 75. Cf. I Jn. 3:17. 76. Cf. I Cor. 11:17-34; Libertatis nuntius, IV, 11: AAS 76 (1984), p. 884. St. Paul himself organizes a collection for the poor among the saints at Jerusalem (Rom. 15: 26). 77. Cf. Rom. 8:11-21. 78. Cf. 2 Cor. 1: 22. 79. Cf. Gal. 4:26. 80. Cf. I Cor. 13: 12; 2 Cor. 5:10. 81. Cf. I Jn. 3:2. 82. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 39, par. 2. 83. Cf. Ibid., 39, par. 3. 84. Cf. Mt. 24:29-44, 46; Acts 10:42; 2 Cor. 5:10. 85. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 42, par. 2. 86. Cf. Jn. 17:3. 87. Cf. Rom. 6:4; 2 Cor. 5:17; Col. 3:9-11. 88. Cf. Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 18 and 20: AAS 68 (1976), pp. 17 and 19. 89. Cf. Mt. 5:3. 90. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 37. 91. Cf. Dogmatic Constitution on the Church (Lumen gentium), 17; Church's Decree on Missionary Activity (Ad gentes), I; Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 14: AAS 68 (1976), p. 13. 92. Gaudium et spes, 40, par. 3. 93. Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Reconciliatio et paenitentia, 14: AAS 77 (1985), pp. 211-212. 94. Cf.Libertatis nuntius, XI, 10: AAS 76 (1984), p. 901. 95. Cf. 2 Cor. 8:9. 96. Cf. Lk. 2:7, 9:58. 97. Cf; Mt. 6:19-20, 24-34; 19:21. 98. Cf. Lk. 5:11, 28; Mt. 19:27. 99. Cf. Is. 11:4; 61:1; Lk. 4:18. 100. Cf. Lk. 19:1-10; Mk. 2:13-17. 101. Cf. Mt. 8:6, 14:13-21; Jn. 13:29. 102. Cf. Mt. 8:17. 103. Cf. Paul VI, Encyclical Populorum progressio, 12 and 46: AAS 59 (1967), pp. 262- 263 and 280; Document of the Third General Conference of the Latin-American Episcopate at Puebla, 476. 104. Cf. Acts 2:4445. 105. Cf. Second Extraordinary Synod, Relatio finalis, II, C, 6: L'Osservatore Romano, December 10, 1985, p. 7; Paul VI, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 58: AAS 68 (1976), pp. 46-49. 106. Cf. Mt. 22:37-40; Rom. 13:8-10. 107. Cf. Paul Vl, Apostolic Letter Octogesima adveniens, 4: AAS 63 (1971), pp. 403- 404; John Paul II, Opening Address at Puebla, III, 7: AAS 71 (1979), p. 203. 108. Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Mater et magistra, 235: AAS 53 (1961), p. 461. 109. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 25. 110. Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Mater et magistra, 132-133: AAS 53 (1961), p. 437. 111. Cf. Pius Xl, Encyclical Quadrogesimo anno, 79-80: AAS 23 (1931), p. 203; John XXIII, Encyclical Mater et magistra, 138: AAS 53 (1961), p. 439; Encyclical Pacem in terris, 74: AAS 55 (1963), pp. 294-295. 112. Cf. Paul Vl, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 18: AAS 68 (1976), pp. 17-18; Libertatis nuntius, Xl, 9: AAS 76 (1984), p. 901. 113. Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Reconciliatio et paenitentia, 16: AAS 77 (1985), pp. 213-217. 114. Cf. Paul Vl, Apostolic Letter Octogesima adveniens, 25: AAS 63(1971), pp. 419- 420. 115. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Laborem exercens, 20: AAS 73 (1981), pp. 629-632; Libertatis nuntius, Vll, 8; VIII, 5-9; Xl, 11-14: AAS 76 (1984), pp. 891-892, 894-895 and 901-902. 116. Cf. Mt. 5:44; Lk. 6:27-28, 35. 117. Cf. Libertatis nuntius, Xl, 10: AAS 76 (1984), pp. 905-906. 118. Cf. Document of the Third General Conference of the Latin-American Episcopate at Puebla, 533-534. Cf. John Paul II, Homily at Drogheda, September 30, 1979: AAS 71 (1979), pp. 1076-1085. 119. Paul Vl, Encyclical Populorum progressio, 31: AAS 59 (1967), pp. 272-273. Cf. Pius Xl, Encyclical Nos es muy conocida: AAS 29 (1937), pp. 208-209. 120. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 76, par. 3; Decree on the Apostolate of the Laity (Apostolicam actuositatem), 7. 121. Cf.op. cit, 20. 122. Cf.op. cit, 5. 123. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Laborem exercens, 6: AAS 73 (1981), pp. 589-592. 124. Cf.op. cit, ch. V: ibid., pp. 637-647. 125. Cf.op. cit, 3: ibid., pp. 583-584; Address at Loreto on April 11, 1985: AAS 77 (1985), pp. 967-969. 126. Cf. Paul Vl, Apostolic Letter Octogesima adveniens, 46: AAS 63 (1971), pp. 633- 635. 127. Cf. John Paul II, Encyclical Laborem exercens, 6: AAS 73 (1981), pp. 589-592. 128. Cf. ibid. 129. Cf. John Paul II, Apostolic Exhortation Familiaris consortio, 46: AAS 74 (1982), pp. 137-139; Encyclical Laborem exercens, 23: AAS 73 (1981), pp. 635-637. Cf. Holy See, Charter of Rights of the Family, art. 12, L'Osservatore Romano, November 25, 1983. 130. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 68; John Paul II, Encyclical Laborem exercens, 15: AAS 73 (1981), pp. 616-618; Discourse of July 3, 1980: L'Osservatore Romano, July 5, 1980, pp. 1-2. 131. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 69; John Paul II, Encyclical Laborem exercens, 12 and 14: AAS 73 (1981), pp. 605-608 and 612-616. 132. Cf. Pius Xl, Encyclical Quadrogesimo anno, 72: AAS 23 (1931), p. 200; John Paul II, Encyclical Laborem exercens, 19: AAS 73 (1981), pp. 625-629. 133. Cf. Document of the Second General Conference of the Latin-American Episcopate at Medellin, Justice, 1, 9; Document of the Third General Conference of the Latin-American Episcopate at Puebla, 31, 35, 1245. 134. Cf. John XXIII, Encyclical Mater et magistra, 163: AAS 53 (1961), p. 443; Paul Vl, Encyclical Populorum progressio, 51: AAS 59 (1967), p. 282; John Paul II, Discourse to the Diplomatic Corps of January 11, 1986: L'Osservatore Romano, January 12, 1986, pp. 4-5. 135. Cf. Paul Vl, Encyclical Populorum progressio, 55: AAS 59 (1967), p. 284. 136. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 60; John Paul II, Discourse to UNESCO of June 2, 1980, 8: AAS 72 (1980), pp. 739-740. 137. Cf. Gaudium et spes, 59. 138. Cf. Declaration on Christian Education Gravissimum educationis, 3 and 6; Pius XI, Encyclical Divini illius magistri, 28, 38 and 66: AAS 22 (1930), pp. 59, 63 and 68. Cf. Holy See, Charter of Rights of the Family, art.5: L'Osservatore Romano, November 25, 1983. 139. Cf. Pastoral Constitution Gaudium et spes, 29; John XXIII, Encyclical Pacem in terris, 73-74 and 79: AAS 55 (1963), pp. 294-296. 140. Cf. Dignitatis humanae, 7; Gaudium et spes, 75; Document of the Third General Conference of the Latin-Amencan Episcopate at Puebla, 311-314, 317-318, 548. 141. Cf. Paul Vl, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 19: AAS 68 (1976), p. 18. 142. Cf. Second Extraordinary Synod, Relatio finalis, II, D, 4: L'Osservatore Romano, December 10, 1985, p. 7. 143. Cf. Paul Vl, Apostolic Exhortation Evangelii nuntiandi, 20: AAS 68 (1976), pp. 18-19. 144. Cf. Jn. 3:21. 145. Cf. Paul VI, General Audience of December 31, 1975: L'Osservatore Romano, January 1, 1976, p. 1. John Paul II took up this idea again in the Discourse to the Meeting for Friendship Between People of August 29, 1982: L'Osservatore Romano, August 30-31, 1982. The Latin-American Bishops also alluded to this idea in the Message to the Peoples of Latin America, 8, and in the Puebla Document, 1188 and 1192. 146. Cf. Gal. 5:6.